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\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \n\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0629 \n\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0636\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \n\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Importance de l\u2019histoire scientifique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639. \n\u201c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u201d \u2013 \n\u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 historique est one v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de fait, non une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 \nrationnelle.&nbsp;\u00bb \u2013 \u00ab&nbsp;La logique de la vie n\u2019est pas toujours celle de la \nraison pure&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\n \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \n\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \n\u0648\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644: \u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0648 \n\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 &nbsp;(J. Bainville)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;Un homme d\u2019Etat qui ne conna\u00eet pas l\u2019histoire, c\u2019est un m\u00e9decin qui\n n\u2019est all\u00e9 ni \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital ni \u00e0 la clinique, qui n\u2019a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 ni les cas \nni les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062b\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \n\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0631\u0641 \n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \n\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639: L\u2019histoire totale&nbsp;\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Science\u060c&nbsp;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a Science exp\u00e9rimentale \u060c \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0631 \n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;La politique est la fille de l\u2019histoire, l\u2019histoire est file de la g\u00e9ographie, et la g\u00e9ographie ne change pas.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La g\u00e9ographie, facteur essentiel de l\u2019histoire<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \n\u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0625\u0646 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Berr)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\n \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a J. 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \n\u064a\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a: les lois aux constates historiques \n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\n \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a lois de la continuit\u00e9 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Utilit\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.\n \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\n \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.\u201d &nbsp;H. \nBerr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u0641\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 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Lebon).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u060c \n\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u201d\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \n\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0660 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0635 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u201d \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabic-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=275"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":277,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions\/277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}