{"id":690,"date":"2019-06-07T20:05:50","date_gmt":"2019-06-07T19:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/?p=690"},"modified":"2021-10-25T17:01:52","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T16:01:52","slug":"%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/?p=690","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/Loubnan_intro.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/Loubnan_part1_ch1.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (5000-3000 \u0642.\u0645.)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch2.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2900-2800 \u0642.\u0645.)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch3.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (3000-2000 \u0642.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch4.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (2000-1200 \u0642.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch5.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1200 \u0642.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch6.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1200-740 \u0642.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch7.pdf\">&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 (738-332 \u0642.\u0645.)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch8.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (1200-332 \u0642.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch9.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (332-64 \u0642.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part1_ch10.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 (64 \u0642.\u0645. \u2013 640 \u0628.\u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch11.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 (640-1946 \u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch12.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (750-1099 \u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch13.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 (1098-1291 \u0645.) \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch16.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1260-1516 \u0645.)<br> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch19.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 516-1840 \u0645.)<br> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch18.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1840-1918 \u0645.)<br> \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch19.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 (1918-1946 \u0645.) <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jawad-boulos.org\/ebooks\/loubnan_part2_ch20.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (5000-3000 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2900-2800 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (3000-2000 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (2000-1200 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1200 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 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